Hyperprolactinemia

What is elevated prolactin?

Elevated prolactin, commonly called hyperprolactinemia, is a condition characterized by high levels of prolactin in the bloodstream. Prolactin is a hormone associated with lactation and breast tissue development. 

Both men and women may experience elevated prolactin, which can lead to infertility when not addressed. It may be caused by a prolactinoma (noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland), other health conditions, or certain medications. Treatment with the University Reproductive Associates team may help you and your partner conceive.

Which symptoms can elevated prolactin cause?

Hyperprolactinemia can cause the following symptoms:

• Low libido (sex drive)
• Reduced bone density
• Infertility 
• Milky nipple discharge
• Changes in menstruation 
• Vaginal dryness
• Pain during sex
• Low testosterone levels in men
• Erectile dysfunction (ED) in men
• Enlarged breast tissue (gynecomastia)

However, not everyone with elevated prolactin has noticeable symptoms. 

What are the risk factors for elevated prolactin?

Hyperprolactinemia risk factors may include:

• Being female
• Pituitary gland tumor
• Some medications
• Certain health conditions
• Genetic abnormalities
• Family history of elevated prolactin

Women are more likely than men to have elevated prolactin levels, although anyone can develop it. Hyperprolactinemia is rare, affecting less than 1% of the population. The cause isn’t always clear.

Examples of health concerns that might increase the risk of elevated prolactin include chest injuries, kidney disease, liver disease, and hypothyroidism, as well as shingles, Cushing syndrome, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

How is elevated prolactin diagnosed?

The University Reproductive Associates team diagnoses hyperprolactinemia by completing a blood test. Upon learning if you have elevated prolactin, it’s helpful to find the root cause. You might undergo additional blood work or imaging procedures. 

How is elevated prolactin treated?

Treating elevated prolactin requires addressing the underlying cause. Not everyone needs treatment. However, if you struggle with infertility, your elevated prolactin treatment might include taking medications or undergoing surgery to remove a tumor. If your current medication is the cause of elevated prolactin, you may be able to take a different medicine.

If you’re still unable to conceive after being treated for elevated prolactin, University Reproductive Associates offers additional fertility treatments, such as intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), third-party reproduction, and more. 

Schedule an infertility evaluation at University Reproductive Associates by calling the office or using the online booking feature today to learn if you have elevated prolactin.